No idea why there would be 2 thrust washers in a stacked installation. They look like for 2 different-sized shafts. The "loose plastic ring" appears to be a blow-out ring, used with 4-blade prop to reduce amount of exhaust over hub. 4-blade prop barrels in our application are smaller diameter because they are an over-thru exhaust. Except for specialized props, 3-blade units are thru-hub exhaust and therefore have no application for a blow-out ring.
May be a part number on your thrust washers. I'd double check that EITHER one is the correct one - under the circumstances.

You appear to have been living on borrowed time.