Definitely stay away from big water as the wind and weather can quickly change and would ruin the experience for you and your wife. Also check the bass regulations for each state since they differ for each. Timing the bite will depend on where you choose to go and how far North you go, though May and June you'll probably run into fish in all three spawn phases. Definitely consider hiring a guide at least one day of your trip. Smaller rivers are also a good option to get away from the crowds and you and your wife might enjoy a nice float if you've never done that. Canada would be my choice but that's probably way too far a drive from MO.
Is Minnesota closer to you than Michigan?
Zup's on Lac La Croix, look into it I went for 20 years, absolutely miss going. Some of the best fishing I have ever had.
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The best areas within a reasonable drive from Missouri would be Sturgeon Bay or St. Claire/Erie in my opinion. You may also want to consider LaCrosse, Wi Pools 7, 8, and 9 where you can catch big numbers of BOTH SM and LM.
When I'm alone I run it myself. Friends and family take ferry. 100 bucks and everyone lives. I'd feel bad taking someone with me. I rode the wake behind the ferry to get home more times than I should have. Ferry you have your rig and can drive around and stay a night or two.
Could always try up around Erie. Hit the right time can catch a lot.
While I know you said you want to stay away from big water, there are many bays with accompanying launches in Door County, WI which makes it easy to stay out of the wind. Take a look at a map, there are ways to get out of the wind regardless as to what direction it is blowing from. I know it is intimidating the first time but you get used to it real fast. And women LOVE Door Co!
Mid to late May is the best time for spawners but the weather usually fluctuates more. I like early July after the spawn is pretty much over.
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There is an excellent small mouth lake about 6 hours northwest of you.oahe
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Northern Minnesota offers plenty of small lake options and larger lake options.
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Went up to sturgeon bay last may. Caught a lot of pre spawn and spawning fish. I was surprised that the water and ramps were more manageable than i expected. We ran into a wicked storm and had about a 4 mile run to get back to fish creek. Rough and nasty, yes. But..honestly it wasnt any worse than the mississippi river pool 12 on a saturday in july with all the tuna boats and cruisers. Bout the same wave height. So if you're used to busy lakes, its like that. We caught lots of good ones and its about 4 hrs from iowa/wi border.
Grand Traverse Bay is a great area for Smallies. The bays keep the wind off of you and makes Lake Michigan fish a little smaller. There are also a bunch of smaller lakes in that area loaded with Smallies.
I know you said too far but you really need to experience it.
1000 Islands St. Lawrence River, Lake Ontario area September
Hundreds of 4s, plenty of 5s, some 6s, and good chance of a 7.